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Persistence of the frenulum attachment beyond 11 months of age is considered pathologic and the frequency of this condition reportedly varies from 3.64 to 5.2/1000 bulls (Ashdown, Reference Ashdown1962). The attachment should begin to break down by 4 weeks of age and separation should be complete by 8 to 11 months of age. The frenulum, a collagenous band of connective tissue, is present at birth and attaches the glans penis to the penile section of the prepuce. The lesions may be removed by sharp excision or with the aid of cryotherapy or CO 2 laser being careful to avoid damage to the distal urethra (Wolfe et al., Reference Wolfe, Beckett, Carson, Powe and Pugh1998). Rarely, large lesions may prevent retraction of the penis into the preputial cavity. The lesion is often first detected when the young bull is presented for breeding soundness evaluation or semen collection. Frequently, multiple bulls within a pen or pasture develop these growths, which are often pedunculated and often located near the glans penis. Homosexual riding of young bulls housed together may allow penile abrasions that allow virus entry into the epithelium (McEntee, Reference McEntee1950). #Bulls have sigmoid flexture freeThe virus enters the epithelium of the penis through wounds or abrasions and causes focal benign neoplastic growths of fibroblasts on the free portion of the penis and prepuce. #Bulls have sigmoid flexture fullThere is wide variation among bulls such that the penis extends 25 to 60 cm beyond the preputial orifice during full erection, therefore, the full excursion of the glans penis may be >1 m (Beckett and Wolfe, Reference Beckett and Wolfe1998).įibropappiloma of the bull penis is somewhat common among young bulls housed together and is caused by the bovine pappiloma virus. Multiple interdigitating layers of elastic tissue between the preputial epithelium and the tunica albuginea of the penis allow the penis to glide within the sheath from full retraction to full extension. indicus bulls (Bellenger, Reference Bellenger1971). taurus breeds and may exceed 10 cm in some B. The prepuce of Bos indicus bulls averages 5.5 cm longer than bulls of Bos taurus breeds and they have a more pendulous sheath and larger preputial orifice, which is 2 to 4 cm in diameter in B. The diameter and length of the prepuce vary considerably among bulls of varying breeds and ages, but the prepuce of an adult bull is 35 to 40 cm long and ~4 cm in diameter. The non-erect penis is held in the preputial cavity by the paired retractor penis muscles (Wolfe et al., Reference Wolfe, Beckett, Carson, Powe and Pugh1998 Wolfe, Reference Wolfe2015a). The prepuce ends at the preputial ring, which is the junction with the free portion of the penis several centimeters proximal to the glans penis. #Bulls have sigmoid flexture skinThe sheath of the bull is a protuberance of the skin along the ventral abdomen and ends at the preputial orifice where the skin joins the non-haired epithelium of the prepuce. ![]()
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